The gemstone used in December birthstone jewelry is the turquoise, a bluish green stone which is a phosphate of copper and aluminum. It’s a rare stone that has been used in decorative work and jewelry for many thousands of years and was worn from approximately 6000 B.C. by the Egyptians. It was a prized gem worn by the Pharaohs and Aztec kings. It was also used in lovely decorative work by the Native Americans and Persians. Most specimens found are very small, frequently so tiny that they they are only visible with a microscope. High quality turquoise is mined in Afghanistan, Australia, Iran, Arizona and New Mexico in the US.
The name turquoise is believed to come from the French word meaning Turkey as it was erroneously believed that the precious stones originated in that country as they were sold in the bazaars to Venetian merchants. In reality they most likely came from Persia (now Iran) or the Sinai Peninsula. It may also have arisen from the French word pierre turquin which means blue stone. It’s often found in deposits of copper typically in very dry, arid conditions.
Before turquoise was discovered in the US the highest quality gems, with an intense blue color, were from Persia and ‘Persian Turquoise’ is still used these days to designate the top quality gemstones. In the last part of the nineteenth century turquoise was found in the USA with deposits that were the equal of the quality of the gems from Persia. Nowadays the United States is the largest producer of this lovely precious stone.
How the Aztecs Used Turquoise
Turquoise was used extensively by the Aztecs, frequently with gold and various other minerals such as jade, jet, malachite and quartz as well as shells and corals. They used it in masks, shields, knives and mosaics. Some magnificent examples of mosaics that survived destruction by the Spanish Invaders are exhibited at the British Museum.
How the Native Americans Used Turquoise
The Apache, Navajo and Pueblo tribes used turquoise as an amulet frequently believing it could influence an archer’s aim. The original turquoise jewelry made by Native Americans included mosaics, beads and carvings and only from around 1880 was the characteristic silver jewelry made. Navajo artisans started to make this style of jewelry from silver coins for trade with white men.
Looking After Turquoise Jewelry
Turquoise is moderately soft and must be looked after with care to avoid being scratched. It can become dull if it is heated, or exposed to sunlight or weak acids so you should take care to take off any turquoise jewelry before using household chemicals or hot water.
December Birthstone Jewelry
Turquoise is the gem for December in the modern birthstone jewelry system. In traditional schemes the birthstones are zircon and ruby. Jewelry set with turquoise would make a beautiful present whether set in necklaces, bracelets, earrings, rings or charms. You can read more at December Birthstone Jewelry.
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